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Invention of Progress

This episode examines the interplay and conflict between Europe and the east, which began with the arrival of the Jesuit missionaries in Asia in the 16th century.
Series : Roads to Xanadu | Episode : 2 | Year : 1989 | Total Duration : 55.5 Minutes | Producer : John Merson, David Roberts, Tom Levenson (Assistant Producer WGBH Boston)
Director : David Roberts |
CU on half moon, Cu on bronze dragon sculpture of Beijing's ancient city wall. Statue of Christ at altar of church. Pull back to shot choir singing in cathedral.
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Access No. 124067 | 54 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Pan along a Namban Screen titled Ò Portuguese arriving in JapanÓ. Depiction of Jesuit missionaries arriving on Portuguese fleets in 16th Century
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Access No. 124068 | 19 secs | | © Photographique de la Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Paris | Colour |
Pan along faces of women singing in church choir in cathedral in
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Access No. 124069 | 16 secs | 1980s | Macau, China | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Portrait of Frances Xavier, Leader of Jesuit Mission.
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Access No. 124070 | 16 secs | | © Kobe City Museum, Kobe | Colour |
WS of street busy with Chinese people riding bicycles in golden evening light. Tilt up to show astronomical instruments on roof of observatory with sun shining on instruments. Presenter, John Merson talks about conflict of religion and science and the use of these instruments to provide accurate predictions for the imperial calendar.
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Access No. 124071 | 1 min 36 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
MS of lion statue in silhouette. VS of large timber water wheel in operation. Workers collecting supplies from barge, sampan. CU on water wheels turning. Shows water power driving industrial machine. Good example of early industrial and mining methods in China.
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Access No. 124072 | 38 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Shot of blue and white Chinese porcelain vase and quick shot of men working in porcelain factory in Jingdezhen
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Access No. 124073 | 9 secs | 1980s | Jingdezhen, China | © NFSA | Colour |
VS of silk being woven on looms in silk factory.
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Access No. 124074 | 17 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Metallurgy sequence showing pouring molten metal into moulds
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Access No. 124075 | 8 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Man ploughing in rice paddy field with oxen or water buffalo - wet rice agriculture
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Access No. 124076 | 13 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Barge full with supplies along canal past village, CU of water wheel,
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Access No. 124077 | 12 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Pan across colour mural, painting of The Festival of the Plough by Guiseppe Castiglione depicting the ritual of the Emperor of China turning the first sod of earth at the beginning of the agricultural year
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Access No. 124078 | 26 secs | | China | © Musee Guimet, Paris | Colour |
Professor Wang Gungwu of University of Hong Kong
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Access No. 124079 | 24 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Colour mural, painting
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Access No. 124080 | 10 secs | | China | © Musee Guimet, Paris | Colour |
Professor Wang Gungwu of University of Hong Kong
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Access No. 124081 | 11 secs | 1980s | China | © Flm Australia | Colour |
Chinese workers in field with bales of hay in baskets on rods over their backs. Others on bicycles in b/g. Man on bicycle with huge load on back under arched wall. WS of the Great Wall of China
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Access No. 124082 | 37 secs | 1980s | China | © Film Ausralia | Colour |
Tilt down from metal cross on roof to weathered stone facade of St Paul's church on Macau, Canton. Stone statue. Priest in white robe runs up stairway. Father Sequeira of Portuguese Academy of History on Macau
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Access No. 124083 | 1 min 10 secs | 1980s | Macau, Canton | © NFSA | Colour |
Portrait of Father Matteo Ricci , Italian Jesuit and scholar, 15th century.
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Access No. 124084 | 7 secs | 1980s | © Church of the Gesu, Rome | Colour |
Facade of white monastery building Casa Ricci and interior shots of priests studying at desks and Father walking along corridors in white robes. Father Sequeira of Portuguese Academy of History on Macau describes Father Ricci Ôs attempts to be accepted by Chinese community
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Access No. 124085 | 57 secs | 1980s | Macau, China | © NFSA | Colour |
VS of Beijing's Forbidden City, CU golden lion / dragon, VS of mechanical clocks in operation, pan across facade of Chinese building and CU of armillary sphere
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Access No. 124086 | 1 min 24 secs | 1980s | Beijing, China | © NFSA | Colour |
Black and white engraving of Adam Schall, Director of Bureau of Astronomy in 16th Century China
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Access No. 124087 | 14 secs | 1980s | China | © State Library of NSW, Sydney | Colour |
Black and white drawing of men looking at the stars with astronomical instruments
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Access No. 124088 | 10 secs | 1980s | © British Library, Photographic ServiceLondon | Colour |
Black and white engraving of the observatory on the city wall in Beijing
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Access No. 124089 | 11 secs | 1980s | China | © State Library of NSW, Sydney | Colour |
Colour portrait of K'ang-Hsi ( Kangxi)
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Access No. 124090 | 8 secs | 1980s | China | © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York | Colour |
Low angle shot of a formation of ducks in flight then tilt down large timber boat construction. CU on boat builder chiselling wooden struts of boat
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Access No. 124091 | 22 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © NFSA | Colour |
Drawing of plan of boat design.
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Access No. 124092 | 11 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © Nederlandsch Historisch, Scheepvaart Museum, Amsterdam | Colour |
Boat building in The Netherlands. Man climbing ladder on large timber vessel. Pan around large timber sailing boat. Tilt up mast to show Dutch flag
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Access No. 124093 | 50 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © NFSA | Colour |
Woodcarving of Merchants sitting around table
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Access No. 124094 | 5 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © NFSA | Colour |
Pan along side of old timber boat with guns protruding from portholes. Presenter, John Merson on boat with rigging in b/g
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Access No. 124095 | 48 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © NFSA | Colour |
Painting of Peter Pett by Sir Peter Lely of the man and the ship he built. Pan across painting of Directors of the Dutch East India Company - merchants of the 16th century
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Access No. 124096 | 43 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © National Maritime Museum, London, Alte Pinakothek ( Artothek), Munich | Colour |
Tall ship or caravelle sailing at sea
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Access No. 124097 | 20 secs | 1980s | © Paramount Pictures, Hollywood | Colour |
Cannons and guns along battlement of Portuguese fort on Macau. Father Sequeira of Portuguese Academy of History describes the Portuguese attempt to overtake the Macau fortress
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Access No. 124098 | 1 min 13 secs | 1980s | Macau, China | © NFSA | Colour |
Rotating blue and white Chinese porcelain teapot and CU of detail of the design. CU of bowl. VS of exterior of step kiln. VS of women making pottery teapots and WS of rows and rows of teapots drying in sun. Black smoke belching out of kiln.
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Access No. 124099 | 1 min 42 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Feature Film with horses galloping through fire and black smoke. Depiction of invasion of Manchus driving out the Ming Dynasty. Warfare on horseback, jousting, battle scenes
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Access No. 124100 | 30 secs | 1980s | China | © China Film Corporation | Colour |
Professor Ian Inkster, University of NSW talking about Delft ceramics. CU of Delft design on vases. Pull out from Dutch church bell tower to tall ship sailing boats on Harbour . VS of port town in the Netherlands. Typical Dutch buildings in b/g
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Access No. 124101 | 1 min 48 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © NFSA | Colour |
Pan of painting ÒAsienÓ showing the impact of Dutch exploration to Asia in 17th century .
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Access No. 124102 | 30 secs | 1980s | The Netherlands | © Bavarian State Art Galleries. Alte Pinakothek, Munich | Colour |
Presenter, John Merson in front of collection of curiosities in museum display cases
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Access No. 124103 | 57 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Engraving of Charles 2nd being crowned as patron of the Royal Society in London in 1662
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Access No. 124104 | 13 secs | 1980s | © The British Library, London | Colour |
Engraving of visit by Louis 14th to France in 1666.
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Access No. 124105 | 10 secs | 1980s | © Roger Viollet | Colour |
VS of mathematical instruments and mechanical clocks. Dr at Whipple Museum in Cambridge.
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Access No. 124106 | 1 min 33 secs | 1980s | Cambridge, England | © NFSA | Colour |
Colour Painting Ò A Philosopher Lecturing on the OrreryÓ
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Access No. 124107 | 10 secs | 1980s | England | © Derby Art Gallery, Derby | Colour |
Dr at Whipple Museum in Cambridge.
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Access No. 124108 | 18 secs | 1980s | Cambridge, England | © NFSA | Colour |
LS Royal Greenwich Observatory
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Access No. 124109 | 6 secs | 1980s | Greenwich, England | © NFSA | Colour |
Photo of engraving Octagonal Room at Greenwich Observatory
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Access No. 124110 | 6 secs | 1980s | Greenwich, London, England | © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London | Colour |
Pan down painting of King Charles I I hanging at Greenwich Observatory to two giant pendulum clocks designed by Thomas Tompion to time one complete rotation of the earth so that longitude could be calculated. VS of clocks and sprung pendulums in Greenwich Observatory. Chronometers. Navigational instruments.
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Access No. 124117 | 1 min 40 secs | 1980s | Greenwich, England | © NFSA | Colour |
Ancient map of South Africa , pull back to show world map
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Access No. 124118 | 13 secs | 1980s | © Royal Ontario Museum. Toronto, Canada | Colour |
Painting The Housekeeper, a scholar sitting under a map
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Access No. 124119 | 3 secs | 1980s | © The Saint Louis Art Museum, Missouri | Colour |
World map, using Mercator's projection drawn for the Chinese by the Jesuit missionary Ferdinand Verbiest in 1674
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Access No. 124120 | 6 secs | 1980s | © Kobe City Museum | Colour |
18th Century Beauvais tapestry shows the Jesuits teaching the Chinese about western astronomy and science
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Access No. 124121 | 15 secs | 1980s | © Bayerische Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlosser, Garten und Seen, Munich | Colour |
Various illustrations from book Ò Ramelli : Various and ingenious machines, 1588Ó
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Access No. 124122 | 19 secs | 1980s | © The Scholar Press, John Hopkins University Press | Colour |
Non perspective drawing of technical detail of a pump from 1475 and used by Chinese.
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Access No. 124123 | 9 secs | 1980s | China | © Zonca ÒTrombe da Rota per Cavar AquaÓ | Colour |
Non perspective drawing of technical detail of a pump from 1627 and used by Chinese.
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Access No. 124124 | 31 secs | 1980s | China | © The Eighth Diagram from Chhi Thu Shuo 1627 | Colour |
Facade of Musee National de Ceramique with French flag. Man working with porcelain. Rotating porcelain vase
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Access No. 124125 | 50 secs | 1980s | France | © NFSA | Colour |
A contemporary painting illustrating the manufacture, transport and sale of export porcelain production in China in 18th century
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Access No. 124126 | 8 secs | 1980s | China | © Benteli Publishers, Switzerland | Colour |
Painting illustrating production of porcelain in China in 18th century
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Access No. 124127 | 12 secs | 1980s | China | © State Library of NSW, Sydney | Colour |
VS of the production processes in the manufacture of Chinese porcelain today. VS men carrying long rows of teapots.
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Access No. 124128 | 19 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Dr Anton D'Alrus, Director of Manufacture Nationale de Sevres tells of French attempts to spy on Chinese methods of porcelain production in 1712.
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Access No. 124165 | 43 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Illustration from 1771 showing methods of porcelain production that are still used in China today. Dr Anton D'Alrus, Director of Manufacture Nationale de Sevres tells of French attempts to spy on Chinese methods of porcelain production in 1712.
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Access No. 124166 | 19 secs | 1980s | China | © State Library of NSW, Sydney | Colour |
CU of soft paste porcelain manufacture processes in French factory in Sevres, on outskirts of Paris.
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Access No. 124167 | 26 secs | 1980s | Sevres, France | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Engraving of Chinese Emperor Quianlong
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Access No. 124168 | 7 secs | 1980s | China | © Christopher Muller-Hofstede | Colour |
CU of soft paste porcelain sculpture of Chinese Emperor Qianlong reproduced from original 18th century moulds. This figure was sent to the Emperor as a gift to encourage him to take an interest in French manufacture
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Access No. 124169 | 18 secs | 1980s | Sevres, France | © NFSA | Colour |
VS of buildings within the Forbidden City
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Access No. 124170 | 31 secs | 1980s | Beijing, China | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : painting of Emperor Chen Lung
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Access No. 124171 | 7 secs | 1980s | China | © Documentation Photographique de la Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Paris | Colour |
VS of gold ornate clocks at British Clock Museum, CU of ornate clock face
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Access No. 124172 | 35 secs | 1980s | London, UK | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Three shots of paintings of foreign factories in Guangzhou (Canton) and European trading with Chinese
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Access No. 124173 | 35 secs | 1980s | Guanhzhou, China | © Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong | Colour |
Professor Wang Gungwu of University of Hong Kong talking about China - European trading relationship
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Access No. 124176 | 48 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Several 18th Century paintings showing Chinese Emperor granting an audience in the imperial gardens
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Access No. 124177 | 36 secs | 1980s | © Hong Kong Museum of Art | Colour |
Still : 18th Century painting of Chinese emperor ploughing first furrow in the agricultural year
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Access No. 124178 | 29 secs | 1980s | © Bildarchiv Preussuscher Kulturbesitz | Colour |
Tilt down from fresco ceiling to ornate gold covered walls of a grand European home. Large Chinoiserie vase in Chinese room of Potsdam Palace in Dresden
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Access No. 124180 | 11 secs | 1980s | Dresden, Germany | © NFSA | Colour |
WS of facade of Woburn Abbey, WS two deer with locked horns in lush green grass. Pan along Chinese style dairy in the grounds of Woburn Abbey built by Duke of Bedford. Idyllic,serene setting with water lillies on pond.
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Access No. 124181 | 34 secs | 1980s | Woburn, Bedfordshire, UK | © NFSA | Colour |
CU on Wedgewood tea set as tea is poured from teapot into teacup through a gold strainer. Marquis of Tavistock at Woburn Abbey talks of taking tea and the habit of afternoon tea. Pan around the wallpaper and ornate vases and ceramic sculpture of Woburn Abbey
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Access No. 124183 | 1 min 52 secs | 1980s | Woburn, Bedfordshire, UK | © NFSA | Colour |
VS of Staffordshire potteries where Wedgewood established his factory. Potters dressed in 18th century clothing working around the kiln, man emptying wheelbarrow at chimney
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Access No. 124184 | 13 secs | 1980s | Stoke-on- Trent, Staffordshire, UK | © BBC, London | Colour |
Still : portrait of Josiah Wedgewood
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Access No. 124185 | 10 secs | 1980s | © Cory, Adams & Mackay, publishers | Colour |
Pan across examples of 3000 trial pottery colours from Wedgewood factories in the development of jasper ware. Wedgewood was first manufacturer in Europe to engage in scientific research and development. Quick shot of potters in Wedgewood pottery and pottery pieces.
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Access No. 124186 | 17 secs | 1980s | Stoke-on- Trent, Staffordshire, UK | © BBC, Moving Image Ltd, London | Colour |
John Merson describes a method devised by Wedgewood for measuring the temperature of a kiln so that the rate of shrinkage of the clay could be gauged. Instrument called a pyrometer - a calibrated brass gauge. CU of Wedgewood chinaware.
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Access No. 124188 | 44 secs | 1980s | Stoke-on- Trent, Staffordshire, UK | © NFSA | Colour |
VS French clockwork dolls, ornate automated toys, showing mechanical workings
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Access No. 124191 | 1 min 13 secs | 1980s | France | © NFSA | Colour |
Weavers working with silk looms. CU of punch cards used to automate the process
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Access No. 124193 | 29 secs | 1980s | Lyon, France | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Woodblock of silk weaving loom from a Chinese encyclopaedia
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Access No. 124194 | 8 secs | 1980s | © University of Canton, Canton, Guangzhou | Colour |
VS of men at weaving looms showing the different processes of weaving silk. CU of punch cards used for automating the processes. VS of weaving equipment.
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Access No. 124195 | 47 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
CU on timber water wheel in operation, high angle shot of water rippling over small weir and flowing, Cheddeton Flint Mill and Quarry Bank Mill
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Access No. 124196 | 1 min 11 secs | 1980s | UK | © NFSA | Colour |
Still of Lombe's water-powered silk spinning factory built in Derby in 1720
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Access No. 124197 | 10 secs | 1980s | Derby, UK | © Derby shire County Council | Colour |
VS of water wheel
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Access No. 124198 | 22 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Still: drawing showing use of water power in the cotton spinning industry in 14th Century
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Access No. 124199 | 13 secs | 1980s | Derby, UK | © Derby Local Study Library, UK | Colour |
Pan across a water wheel in operation against lush green b/g. Professor Wang Gungwu of University of Hong Kong.
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Access No. 124200 | 38 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Tilt down painting of Chinese man. Professor Wang Gungwu of University of Hong Kong.
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Access No. 124201 | 47 secs | 1980s | China | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
CU on machinery in operation, weaving loom in operation in textile factory. Sun shining through silhouette of tree and pan to cross on top of church in silhouette. Pan across rows of empty pews in Methodist church
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Access No. 124202 | 1 min 13 secs | 1980s | UK | © NFSA | Colour |
CU of woman in 18th century dress with frilled bonnet on head working a hand loom at Quarry Bank Mill. LS of facade of Styal Mill at Quarry Bank near Manchester. Clock tower. Dr ? Social Historian. VS of automated cotton mill looms at work.
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Access No. 124203 | 2 mins 31 secs | 1980s | Quarry Bank, Manchester, UK | © NFSA | Colour |
Stills of the Peking Gates, Chinese Barges of Lord Macartney preparing to pass under a bridge Still: Chinese Barges of Lord Macartney preparing to pass under Bridge Still: Approach of the Emperor of China to his Tent in Tartary to Receive the British Ambassador
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Access No. 124204 | 32 secs | 1980s | China | © The British Museum | Colour |
Still : A Chinese representation of the bringing of astronomical instruments as gifts to the embassy of Lord Mc Cartney (1793)
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Access No. 124207 | 14 secs | 1980s | China | © The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich,London. SE10 9NF | Colour |
Pan across example of Josiah Wedgewood's Jasperware china. Rotating Wedgewood urn or vase
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Access No. 124208 | 22 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Portrait of Tchien Lung, Emperor of China in 84th year of his age and 57th year of his reign
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Access No. 124209 | 10 secs | 1980s | China | © The British Museum Photograhs, London WC1B 3DG | Colour |
Still : Allom etching ÒBlick in dei Garten der Verbotenen Stadt in PekingÓ by W. Alexander
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Access No. 124211 | 21 secs | 1980s | China | © Victoria and Albert Picture Library, South kensington, London. SW7 2RL | Colour |
Still : Etching of opium production Still : Western ships in Canton
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Access No. 124212 | 31 secs | 1980s | China | © Mary Evans Picture Library. London | Colour |
Still : Etching of Allom Chinese opium addicts
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Access No. 124213 | 8 secs | 1980s | China | © State Library of NSW, Sydney | Colour |
Section of feature film about the Opium WWI in China
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Access No. 124214 | 37 secs | 1980s | China | © China Film Corporation | Colour |
Still : Chinese junks being blown up in the Opium War
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Access No. 124215 | 9 secs | 1980s | China | © Jardine Matheson & Co, Hong Kong | Colour |
Pan along hull on gun boat and boat on river with reeds in silhouette of sunset light
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Access No. 124216 | 16 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
CU on machinery in operation. Presenter John Merson in engine room of a steam boat
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Access No. 124217 | 1 min 14 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Feature film with Chinese Emperor and clocks
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Access No. 124218 | 27 secs | 1980s | China | © China Film Corporation | Colour |
Still : Photograph of Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. Chinese surrender to British in Opium War
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Access No. 124219 | 16 secs | 1980s | China | © National Army Museum, London, UK | Colour |
CU of cannon smoking. Presenter John Merson in fortress. with cannons.
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Access No. 124220 | 51 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
POV boat under arched bridge in canal with other sampan in view. CU of white water wash on bow of boat
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Access No. 124221 | 12 secs | 1980s | China | © NFSA | Colour |
Still : Pan across painting Merchants loading tea boxes
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Access No. 124222 | 10 secs | 1980s | © NFSA | Colour |
National Film and Sound Archive - Australia