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First Encounters

Looks at how immigrants have been received upon their arrival in Australia.
Series : Migrant Experience, The | Episode : 3 | Year : 1983 | Total Duration : 55 Minutes | Producer : Malcolm Smith (Series Producer)
Director : Karl McPhee |
High angle shot of passenger liner Oriana and arriving in with male migrants disembarking down gangplank. Interview with Scottish migrant Eric Bogle and CU Bogle singing ÒI Hate WogsÓ accompanied by guitar and intercut with comments by various migrants on racist treatment they received.
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Access No. 125376 | 2 mins 35 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
Archival footage of migrants on ship, MS migrant woman wearing headscarf shielding face with arm, Women excitedly gesturing to camera from migrant ship, WS ship, trio of smiling men wearing caps on ship's deck and high angle WS of migrant crowds surging through gate, onlookers waving to ship, WS woman waving hanky to departing ship, tilt up to family waving goodbye. CU Eric Bogle singing.
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Access No. 133171 | 29 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Re-enactment of Aboriginals carrying spears walking up beach as rowing boat full of redcoats lands. High shot of uneasy encounter between Aborigines and newcomers (ÒMarch to NationhoodÓ). MS Aborigine dancing.
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Access No. 133172 | 25 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Australia | © National Film and Sound Archive | Colour |
Excepts from film ÒWomen of the SunÓ with white men in Aboriginal camp dealing with land ownership; and confrontation between white men in tents and Aboriginal women where white man shoots Aboriginal woman.
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Access No. 133173 | 1 min 16 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Australia | © National Film and Sound Archive | Colour |
MS colonial painting of two Aboriginals stalking two settlers in tent. Dissolve to ship's mast and VS re-enactment of armed officers with convicts on board ship and leaving ship with ankles manacled. MS officer sweating in heat and GS convicts working land and guard kicking convict to ground.
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Access No. 133174 | 45 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Australia | © Restricted Access - Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
CU painting of Governor Phillip. Re-enactment of Governor Phillip writing with quill, CU to writing on page. Zoom out from ink drawings of free settlers on horse and cart and sketches of hut, man standing before giant tree in forest. Drawings of floods, snake attacking family and colour painting of new settlers in boat down flooded river.
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Access No. 133175 | 42 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Re-enactment of female settler feeling harassed walking past soldiers. CU advertisement encouraging emigration of single women. VS colonial painting of family gathered around reading letter. VS re-enactment of destitute women sleeping in the open. Re-enactment of Caroline Chisolm giving sick woman a drink from mug and WS of hostel for the destitute.
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Access No. 133176 | 40 secs | 1980s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Zoom out from old map of Victoria to sketch of Caroline Chisolm. Pan of painting with new arrivals being ferried from ships by row boats. Zoom out from B&W illustration of new arrivals during gold rush era. CUs people in crowds. CU illustration of portable tent accommodation and painting of tent city.
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Access No. 133178 | 47 secs | 1960s, 1980s, | Vic, Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Archival footage from ÒEureka StockadeÓ (set in 1854 Ballarat goldfields) with stagecoach through tent city and MS four gold prospectors in discussion and toasting with mugs. VS gold rush society in Ballarat around hotel and streets.
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Access No. 133195 | 54 secs | 1800s, 1980s, | Ballarat, Vic, Australia | © National Film and Sound Archive | B&W |
Colour footage from ÒMad Dog MorganÓ set in Gold rush era with men setting fire to hut and shooting Chinaman.
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Access No. 133196 | 12 secs | 1800s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
MS Chinese singer Tom See Poy with contemporary three piece band singing about Chinese immigration in contemporary style intercut with B&W drawings depicting violence to Chinese settlers in the 1800s. MS Herbert See Poy reading memoirs and recounting how his forebearers came to Australia in search of gold with VS 1800s artworks illustrating story.
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Access No. 133198 | 1 min 13 secs | , 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
WS red Chinese temple exterior and VS interior with Herbert and Herbert ÔJunior' See Poy with three Buddhist statues. VS Chinese drawings and photograph and CU statue of Asian head. MS Herbert speaking of lack of understanding between different races.
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Access No. 133200 | 41 secs | , 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
VS re-enactment with soldier kicked shackled convict land worker to ground. Man on horse tipping hat to settler women in garden. Interview with Clare Dunne about antagonism between the British and Irish. VS B&W drawings illustrating Dunne's voice-over describing the British attempts to reduce the Irish race to a poverty-stricken ignorant peasantry.
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Access No. 133223 | 1 min 1 sec | , 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
VS painting depicting the 1804 Irish revolt over Britain at Castle Hill. VS painting of German settlers and interview with Ian Harmstorf speaking of how the German settlers were well regarded and fit into the new society. Re-enactment of 19th century Germans missing with society. Zoom out from B&W sketch of English gentleman at bar.
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Access No. 133224 | 1 min 25 secs | , 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
B&W photograph of two well dressed men in bush. Interview with Charles ÔSpike' Routley about different attitudes to Irish and Scottish migrants to the English. Tilt up photograph of pipe-smoking English gentleman entitled Òthe confident typeÓ. B&W portrait of English family and portrait of Greek family.
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Access No. 133225 | 1 min 13 secs | , 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
MS interview with Mr and Mrs Tapiolas about difficulty in communicating after migrating from Greece and the lack of understanding. B&W photograph of the young Tapiolas family. B&W cartoon of migrants pondering the meaning of racist signs. Interview with George Kakanis relating physical altercation in his uncle's cafe intercut with B&W photos of his family as new migrants.
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Access No. 133226 | 2 mins 24 secs | , 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
B&W photograph of men seated at long table in the 1920s. Archival B&W footage of ration hand-out to jostling crowd of men. Line of seated women. Interview with English migrant Ethel Hayton recalling arriving into Australia as a young girl in 1930 in the midst of the depression. VS archival depression footage of men getting hand-outs and waiting in crowds.
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Access No. 133227 | 1 min 6 secs | 1920s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
B&W photograph of long line of men leaving ship with sacks of belongings carried on their shoulders. WS map of Australia and South East Asian countries. Archival footage of large gun firing and CUs cannons firing. GS soldier running carrying child. MS Hitler speaking at rally. VS tanks and troops. WWII
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Access No. 133229 | 31 secs | , 1980s, | Australia; Europe | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | B&W |
B&W archival footage of bombs dropping POV plane. WS building exploding. House bombed and WS smoke from Darwin bombing seen from water. VS attacked submarine being recovered from Sydney Harbour. WS people in city street and street lined with sandbags behind parked cars. GS boys digging trenches.
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Access No. 133230 | 20 secs | 1930s, 1980s, | Darwin, NT; Sydney, NSW, Australia | © T3Media | B&W |
B&W archival footage at end of WWII with MS soldier father lifting small boy and kissing him, WS Australian soldiers marching. WS pedestrians on busy city street. Newsreel footage ÒBritish Migrants Welcomed to their New HomeÓ with speech by Arthur Calwell, Minister for Immigration, surrounded by migrants. MS Calwell speech addressing camera. Calwell leaves building.
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Access No. 133231 | 1 min | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | B&W |
CU document by Arthur Calwell Ò20,000,000 in Our TimeÓ re need for migrants. WS pan over crowds in German displacement camp. VS B&W cartoons re European migration. Archival footage of Australian soldiers overseas including marching in Libia; Australian troops up steps of Parthenon; diggers smoking, drinking and laughing.
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Access No. 133232 | 38 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Germany; Greece; Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | B&W |
Interview with Charles ÔSpike' Routley re poor attitudes to foreigners. Archival B&W footage of troops walking down stairs, playing two-up game, soldiers shaking hands with Greek people, MS profiles of digger laughing with Greek local. Line of Australian troops walking through jungle track with fuzzy wuzzy angels and stretcher across jungle river.
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Access No. 133248 | 37 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Greece; Papua New Guinea; Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Interview with retired MP Fred Daley speaking of Italian migrants and tells story of one former Italian POW. Interview with Italian migrant Gino Paris. Archival B&W footage of long line of European migrants marching along road. VS in displaced persons camp in Germany. CU hand rubber stamping immigration cards. B&W still of Australian immigration officer George Kiddle. Colour interview with Kiddle.
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Access No. 133249 | 1 min 43 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
Archival B&W stills of healthy, strong young men seen as the ideal for immigration to Australia. Archival B&W footage of group of young women with CUs to young attractive ones for prospective migration. Colour interview with George Kiddle. Newsreel footage Ò800 New Citizens of Fine TypeÓ. VS migrants on ship, Calwell following bagpipe player onto ship and high shot migrant crowd. ÒBeautiful BaltsÓ.
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Access No. 133250 | 57 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © Film World and National Film and Sound Archive | Colour |
Archival B&W footage of newly arrived migrants dispersing. VS migrants boarding train, WS young migrant women leaning out of 2nd class train windows, pan to blonde in sunglasses waving to camera. WS pan of steam train passing through open country with man on horse in foreground. WS train pulling into station.
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Access No. 133253 | 17 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | B&W |
Archival B&W aerial footage over first migrant reception camp at Bonegilla, near Albury. VS workmen preparing accommodation digging with shovels and MS men putting pole into ground. Interview with retired immigration officers, Reuben Wheeler then Roy Fitzgerald and former resident David Taylor. Various B&W stills of corrugated iron sheds used as accommodation and various stills of people in and around sheds.
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Access No. 133254 | 1 min 30 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Archival B&W footage of migrants at Bonegilla and inside classroom teaching adult migrants. Interview with ex-Employment Officer Brian Luscombe speaking about language problems of Bonegilla residents. Footage of groups in open countryside. Interview w ith Dr Egon F. Kunz about the terror of the new environment. Interview with David Taylor.
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Access No. 133255 | 1 min 44 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Archival B&W footage of health checks being carried out on prospective migrants. VS women being sprayed, hand signing card, man being x-rayed and CU chest x-ray, man having teeth checked. Colour interview with George Kiddle.
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Access No. 133256 | 18 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
Archival B&W footage of Bonegilla migrants gathering in grounds and CU to loud speaker with orders broadcast in German and CUs of migrants' sombre faces. Interviews with former residents David Taylor and Dr Egon F. Kunz about inappropriateness of communication. CUs of immigration certificate with zoom to the word Ôlaborer' which all migrants were labelled and stamped ID photo.
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Access No. 133257 | 1 min 2 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Archival B&W footage of city street scenes. Interview with Immigration Officer Tom Stratton re working with displaced persons in the 1940s and community attitudes. Staged scene with migrant men in milkbar struggling to be understood and meeting with hostile reactions from locals.
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Access No. 133258 | 55 secs | 1940s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
Archival B&W footage from film ÒNo Strangers HereÓ showing romantic exchange between Australian man and young migrant woman who embraces her new environment. CU wedding photo of couple cutting cake and interview with Pauline Justin recounting hostile reactions when she married her European husband and VS family photographs.
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Access No. 133259 | 1 min 10 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
Archival B&W footage of Arthur Calwell in front of row of microphones and meeting ethnic groups. VS migrant women some dressed in ethnic costume. VS Estonian handicraft show. Footage of of ballet couple dancing on stage and WS audience clapping. Footage from ÒNo Strangers HereÓ with migrant wheeling bricks in barrow and singing in foreign tongue.
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Access No. 133260 | 1 min 16 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
Archival B&W newsreel footage ÒMigrants Learn to be Australian CitizensÓ . Group of men gathered around reading ÔThe New Australian' magazine. Sequence with couple studying pamphlet ÔCorrespondence Course for New Australian' in front of house. B&W film ÒHelping Hand: the story of the good neighbour movementÓ showing a woman entering the home of a migrant woman to offer assistance.
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Access No. 133261 | 36 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
Interview with Bob Armstrong, Secretary of the Department of Immigration 1971-1974 speaking of the Good Neighbour Movement. B&W footage of letter from the Boy Scouts Association, Country Womens Association and Girl Guides Association. MS Ethel Hayton holding cup of tea speaking about statelessness of migrants. B&W footage of new arrivals being greeted as they disembark from train carrying suitcases.
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Access No. 133262 | 47 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
B&W footage of tilt down from YWCA sign above door to migrants pouring into building. Pan of peole seated taking afternoon tea and chatting. VS people on dance floor. Interview with Ethel Hayton speaking about welcoming new groups as part of the Good Neighbour Council. B&W footage of meeting with migrants.
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Access No. 133263 | 1 min 9 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
B&W photographs of smiling families gathered on ship's gangway, family posing on ship's deck, zoom out from womans smiling face encircled by life ring of ship Orion, CU man holding son's hand extended out from porthole, two men on pier gazing at passenger ship laden with migrants.
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Access No. 133264 | 31 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Department of Immigration | B&W |
Interview with Italian Tony Bonnici speaking about difficulties migrant found resettling. B&W archival footage of young migrant family disembarking from train and WS large group arriving at hostel. VS suitcase searches and migrants with numbers on lapels looking on. WS crowd of suitcases and MS line of migrants waiting while customs officers check papers.
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Access No. 133265 | 37 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
WS woman and daughter walking across tarmac from Qantas plane, man and small girl doing same. MS people in crowds. Interview with Tony Bonnici speaking about the difficulty of immigration. Aerial over small town and WS Bonegilla Reception Centre sign. WS migrants milling about outside building and eating in mess hall. Interview with migrant Giovanni Sgro, MLC (Vic) about the desperation of the migrants in the Centre and subsequent riots. Interview with Brian Luscombe, ex-Employment Officer.
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Access No. 133266 | 2 mins 3 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
CU headlines ÒDept. ÒCan CopeÓ with MigrantsÓ and ÒItalians Plan to March to Canberra if No WorkÓ. Interview with migrant Giovanni Sgro, MLC (Vic). Newspaper headline ÒArmy Out as Migrants Threaten RiotÓ. B&W archival footage of police car past camera and newspaper headline ÒBonegilla Migrants' Angry RiotÓ. Pan broken windows and CU sign for Commonwealth Employment Service.
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Access No. 133267 | 42 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
CU newspaper items and headlines re the Bonegilla riots. VS colour footage of barristers walking down street and spiral tilt of high-rise city buildings. CU interview with Frank Galbally. CUs B&W photograph of people gathered around piano singing and older photo of people waiting outside immigration office. CUs various B&W communal group photos and large groups of Greeks.
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Access No. 133268 | 1 min 34 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © ABC Television/ contact NFSA | Colour |
MS interview with Nick Polites. B&W archival footage of Greek church exterior and interior shots with various religious activites shown. VS Greek church congregation. CUs lighting candles. Interviews with Paula Masselos and Despina Taylor. B&W footage of neighbourhood with CU of sign reading ÔFull Board - Australian Gents Only' and children on kerb, girl in doorway and groups of men in street.
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Access No. 133269 | 1 min 20 secs | 1950s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA | Colour |
B&W footage of row of terrace houses and WS outside Greek shop. CU doctor's light and Greek girl walking by. Track of sign for Hellas Driving School on top of moving car. WS mother & baby above balcony of shop. Interview with Paula Masselas. WS elderly Greek women crossing themselves in church and MS priest walking through congregation.
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Access No. 133270 | 50 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © ABC / NFSA | Colour |
Interview with Maria Petrohilos. Zoom out from Greek man to row of seated men playing chess. CU old woman's face and VS group of elderly Greek women craft making and socialising. CU hands knitting. WS man standing inside doorway of Chios Milk Bar. Two men having coffee in Greek cafe and B&W still of two female shop attendants.
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Access No. 133271 | 38 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © ABC / NFSA | Colour |
Interview with Vivi Koutsanadis and VS customers talking to shop owners. CU sign ÒThe ParagonÓ and MS exterior of mixed business. MS George Kakanis holding plate of spaghetti and relating story of racist altercation and CU to newspaper article on his Nite Owl cafe with accompanying photo.
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Access No. 133272 | 2 mins 7 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
B&W footage of Greeks dancing (from film ÒToulaÓ) and VS people seated at tables enjoying music. CU dropping money at microphone stand for musicians. Interview with Nick Malaxos. B&W footage of women shaking hands at dance and VS dancing. Interview with Tony Bonnici about welfare.
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Access No. 133273 | 1 min 13 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
CU sign on wall ÔThank God I'm Greek' and zoom out to woman on telephone in Greek welfare agency. VS signs on buildings and awnings of various ethnic groups. MS man walking down line of people shaking hands. Interview with Tony Bonnici re failure of the Good Neighbour Movement amongst ethnic communities. Colour footage of men gathered around drinking cups of tea.
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Access No. 133274 | 1 min 3 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © NFSA / Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority | Colour |
MS three migrants at table and CU hand writing. CU Migrant Services & Programs book and CUs of typed review and signature of Frank Galbally amongst others. Interview with Frank Galbally. High pan over Parliament in session and MS over John Howard speaking with Malcolm Fraser in foreground. Zoom out from Greek church exterior and VS meeting with group seated around u-shaped table.
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Access No. 133275 | 1 min 25 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
GS Greek teacher in classroom and WS children seated at tables raising hands to anser question. MS two women in office environment. Blurred light then pull focus to WS plane landing on tarmac. VS Asian passengers walking to arrivals area and MS Asian woman being greeted by large family group. MS man and woman seated at Immigration desk and receiving applause from Asian onlookers.
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Access No. 133276 | 34 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
WS people seated in cafeteria and MS jumpsuit being held up against Asian baby. VS Asian couple being interviewed in office. Pan of office interior with workers of various nationalities performing tasks. CU sign for Migrant Resource Centre. GS group of women around table. VS teacher with migrant women. Slow zoom to woman on air in ethnic radio station.
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Access No. 133277 | 43 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
MS television personality George Donikian talking with Channel 0/28 television camera behind him. Promotion for Channel 0/28 logo pulling out from people circling each other, CU faces of various nationalities flashed in succession, VS people. MS migrant English class.
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Access No. 133278 | 52 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact NFSA / SBS | Colour |
Colour photographs of ethnic family groups and CUs individual faces of people of various nationalites. CUs examples of racist graffiti - ÒTurkish BastardsÓ, ÒAsians OutÓ, ÒWog ShitsÓ, ÒIslamic StinksÓ and sign saying ÒStop the Asian InvasionÓ. Interview with Al Grassby, Commissioner Community Relations 1975-82 taking about the Òhate fileÓ where abusive and racist letters are kept. CUs examples.
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Access No. 133279 | 1 min 37 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
CU Eric Bogle singing his song ÒI Hate WogsÓ intercut with interviews with Gino Paris, George Kakanis. End titles.
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Access No. 133280 | 2 mins 5 secs | 1970s, 1980s, | Australia | © Contact Film Australia Collection Library | Colour |
National Film and Sound Archive - Australia