Pioneers, The (1894-1927)

Opening B&W footage from ÒThe Story of the Kelly GangÓ with policeman accosting woman then being overpowered by gang and bushrangers raiding campsite. MS men making sound effects from behind screen. MS of the three sound effects men in action with reflected image from screen flickering across their faces. CU badly damaged footage of shootout at Glenrowan Hotel and Ned Kelly in armour shooting then being shot and captured.

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Opening titles. Pan across sketch fading to pan across B&W still of cutting room of 1890s. CU of poster for the first screening of a movie ever by the Latham Brothers of New York. CU colour poster of Cinematographe Lumiere and B&W footage of man setting up movie projector for a first night movie screening in Paris in late 1895. GS of projectionist cranking handle on projector and CU of film on screen of Louis Lumiere, his wife and baby.

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Early B&W high pan over city of Melbourne showing grand old buildings and rooftops. CU B&W exterior still of historic film premiere at the Melbourne Opera House. CU B&W portrait shot of American magician Carl Hertz and CU sepia poster advertising Hertz performance and the Cinatographe.

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Early B&W footage of Highland Regiment marching in England and WS Westminster Bridge showing horses and carriages and people strolling across bridge on footpath. CU hands of girl spinning simple animation toy on string between her fingers and MS showing girl playing with toy (colour re-enactment). Colour footage of woman with Fantascape and man viewing images from zoetrope and studying their movements. CU's of moving images.

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Colour re-enactment of children from nineteenth century looking at moving images through praxinoscope and CUs of projected imagery. MS projected images of figures leaping in a circle. WS of Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope with re-enactment of couple in period dress walking up to machine and man handing earphones to woman who looks through viewer. CUs to B&W image of man doing cartwheels POV viewer.

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Re-enactment with man & woman at Kinetoscope with man opening side door with CU to machinery inside of Kinetoscope. GS man taking turn at Kinetoscope with CU to B&W footage of cats in fighting ring wearing miniature boxing gloves. B&W CUs of machinery and wheels turning.

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Tilt up city buildings up to AMP Tower (previously Centrepoint Tower). B&W MS of body builder flexing, strutting and posing as seen through Edison Kinetoscope. Various scenes of American Indians dancing then Annie Oakley enters scene shooting gun. GS acrobat warming up and CU sketch of people viewing Kinetoscopes.

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B&W footage at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne in 1896 with horse being paraded in front of camera. CU B&W stills of the cameramen, Marius Sestier and his Australian partner Walter Barnett. Footage from 1896 Melbourne Cup with people parading with parasols and top hats and high shot of crowds alighting from tram. WS of milling race crowd with Barnett in grey frockcoat escorting two women.

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B&W footage at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne in 1896 with VS of people in saddling paddock with cameraman Walter Barnett in foreground. Spectators trackside with men waving hats (initiated by Barnett) as horses race past. Grainy early scenes of Melbourne's Collins Street shot by Earnest Thwaites with self-made camera. CU still extract from Australasian.

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Early B&W WS Collins Street, Melbourne. WS Prince Ranjitsinji from the English cricket team practising batting skills at Sydney Cricket Ground shot by Walter Barnett. B&W pan across Sydney Harbour past passenger liner, ferries and other boats. CUs people climbing steps of Roma Street Station, Brisbane in feathered finery. WS trams, pedestrians and carriages at Queen Street and Victoria Bridge.

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Early B&W footage of canecutters in plantation watched by overseer. B&W shots of Torres Strait Islanders dancing, Islanders dancing with masks to camera and trio of seated Islanders starting fire with stick. High angle shot of army brass band and servicemen marching through Sydney streets for Federation celebrations. VS Federation day, Sydney, with floats and horses shot by the Salvation Army. High shot over crowd watching.

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1901 B&W federation footage with pan across still of crowds gathered in Centennial Park, Sydney. CU B&W still of Captain Robert Sandall and B&W footage of the signing of Federation documents in Centennial Park gazebo with The Duke and Duchess of York and Australia's first Governor General.

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CU B&W still of Bourke Street, Melbourne with zoom into Salvation Army Headquarters. Dissolve to colour footage of tram past camera and VS of the Salvation Army's federation building at 69 Bourke Street which was the first permanent film studio and processing laboratory in Australia. VS inside the now abandoned building showing architectural details and structure. Tilt to original stencilled sign for Colouring Studio above doorway.

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GS B&W footage of Aborigines around fire. CU B&W still of Professor Baldwin Spencer who took anthropological films of the Aboriginal people, processed by the Salvation Army. B&W footage of Aboriginals in masks and body paint doing ceremonial dance shot by Spencer on Edison Phonograph. B&W MS still of the Salvation Army film unit, CU still of Herbert Booth, the founder's son. Zoom to face of Major Joe Perry.

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B&W 1897 footage of East Melbourne showing pedestrians, trams and horses & carriages shot by Major Joe Perry from the Salvation Army film unit. CU B&W poster advertising the Salvation Army's film ÒSalvation SensationÓ. Rare phonograph recording of the Army's founder William Booth reading narration for film with poster for ÒSlum WorkÓ and stills of women working in hospital, men working, women queuing in street and men at timber works.

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B&W stills child tugging at sick man's arm, WS mourners beside coffin at funeral and colour illustration of people on knees offering up prayers with film title ÒSoldiers of the CrossÓ. Montage of colour CUs from film promotions showing Christians and Romans.

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B&W WS of Duke & Duchess of York embarking from ship in Melbourne from the film ÒUnder Southern SkiesÓ. GS of the Australian Army and officials in top hats greeting the royals. B&W still of the Salvation Army in 1905 with cameras. B&W still of Salvation Army brass band and another with the band on a large steam-engine drawn carriage.

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B&W footage of horse-drawn tram past camera and VS early cars in street, pedestrians, shopfronts and both men and women riding bicycles (women side-saddle). CU B&W still of Millard Johnson & William Gibson superimposed over scene. B&W track along street POV moving vehicle following children running.

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B&W CU of sign ÒKnox CoachbuildersÓ. Footage of men walking around corner past camera raising their hats in greeting. MS line of men walking out of building towards camera from ÒPictures That MovedÓ. High angle track along tram lines in George Street, Sydney, 1906 shot by British theatre magnet TJ West. Brief overlay of B&W still portrait of West. B&W stills of West's competitors Charles Cosens Spencer, his wife Senora Spencer and cameraman Ernest Higgins.

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B&W footage shot by Charles Cossens Spencer and Ernest Higgins of the famous Burns-Johnson title-fight at Sydney Stadium on Boxing Day 1908. WS of crowds gathered around boxing ring. B&W still of travelling showman bringing the ÒflicksÓ to the bush in a horse-drawn carriage. B&W still of horse and carriage outside country Town Hall. Various stills of makeshift theatres, audiences, theatres, outdoor construction etc.

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B&W stills of people with canoes in tropical setting and stills of natives and Europeans. High shot over trains arriving at platform shot by French company Pathe Freres. B&W footage of trams on city streets and B&W still of poster reading Òthe Art & Craft of a KinenatographistÓ and still with five men from the Salvation Army film unit. Still of man painting a set and another of men in newly built studio.

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B&W stills of Major Joe Perry with camera equipment and WS group of musicians. B&W still of two men behind projection cameras and CU of newsprint from the Melbourne Argus by William Gibson addressing the issue of Government funding to the French Pathe firm while the Australians struggle to advance Òa young and promising industryÓ. Still of Gibson superimposed over newsprint. Another news article written by Perry with his portrait also superimposed.

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CU of news article from the Melbourne Argus by Cosens Spencer weighing into the debate over Government funding to the French Pathe firm at the expense of the Australian industry. B&W still of Spencer superimposed. Still of Minister superimposed over article where he dismisses all protest. B&W footage of people carrying coffin and lowering into ground watched by number of mourners. CU still of Joe Perry in mid 1909 at the collapse of the Salvation Army film unit.

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B&W high shot track past cyclist and tram and good street scene of street sweeper and men on bicycles. GS women stepping out from car, small army band down street and WS horse and cart outside Cohn Bros. Camera tracking through crowd on street and crowds behind fence watching men on horseback shot by Pathe as they travelled around the country shooting Australian life.

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B&W title ÒBallarat Beauty Competition - Pathe FreresÓ. B&W MS several young girls and B&W still of people gathered outside Pathe Freres newly opened Melbourne office in Queen Street. CU to rooster on Pathe logo. Pathe's Animated Gazette, the first newsreel. Colour footage of battleships at sea with captions on screen. Funeral procession for late engineer Lieutenant Robertson of the Destroyer ÒYarraÓ.

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B&W stills of men pushing camera on early form of dolly, still of men fixing car tyre, still of steam train, still of man walking on rocky ridge line with movie camera on tripod over should and still of cameraman on clifftop. B&W WS in 1910 film ÒCaptain ThunderboltÓ with convict scuffling with guard on rock during escape. Convict swimming in raging river. Note cameraman's very obvious shadow falling across struggling convict.

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B&W still of actress Louise Lovely. Still of actor/director Gaston Mervale. Logo for Wests Pictures appearing on screen with still of cameraman/director Franklyn Barrett. Still of Spencer's logo and portrait of director Alfred Rolfe followed by Ernest Higgins, Arthur Higgins, Raymond Longford and actress Lottie Lyell. CU poster for ÒThe Fatal WeddingÓ with photograph inset changing to show various scenes.

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B&W stills of Lyceum Hall, Sydney where the film ÒThe Fatal WeddingÓ had it's record run. High angle hand-held pan across Rushcutters Bay to Spencer's new studio. Various stills of studio featuring glass roof. Still of people on set in studio and another of men drinking at bar. MS B&W footage of men at bar. MS Australian soldier sitting by water proposing to woman with ring from ÒThe Hero of the DardenellesÓ.

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Sepia toned footage from ÒRobbery Under ArmsÓ of stagecoach being ambushed by bushrangers and Aboriginal man up tree, VS of robberies and gunfight on horseback and bushrangers holding up carriage and riding off with driver at gunpoint. CU B&W still portraits of showmen Spencer, Johnson, Gibson and JD Williams who in 1913 merged into one conglomerate. CU logos of Union Picture Theatres and Australasian Films otherwise known as Ôthe Combine'.

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Stills of The Film House and various theatres including The Strand. CU still of Spencer who left the industry in disgust. CU B&W drawings of Spencer's Rushcutters Bay studios. B&W footage from ÒPictures That MovedÓ showing convoy of horse-drawn buggies and MS men in top hats having discussion with crowd in background. Footage of the Australian Lighthorse Brigade riding across plains. Still of Bert Ive with film camera.

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B&W footage from ÒPictures That MovedÓ with MS men shaking hands in greeting, the naming ceremony of the Australian Capital, WS crowds farewelling troop transport steam ship and VS soldiers exercising on deck of ship.

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B&W footage from ÒAustralian Gazette 534Ó with MS man shaking hands with passenger in car and WS crowd farewelling car as it drives off with two men and a dog filmed by Frank Hurley and Francis Birtles. B&W still of Birtles on bicycle. WS man walking along ocean at night from ÒCoorab in the Island of GhostsÓ. VS young Aboriginal boy Coorab in various situations and CU face of barn owl. CU writhing snakes

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B&W still of Frank Hurley and footage of men on dock with ship in background. MS men in cutting room from ÒPictures That MovedÓ. Footage of ship setting sail from dock in Tasmania and shots of Hurley on Douglas Mawson's Antarctic polar expedition. Footage of men up mast with ice floes below, the ship Endurance icebound, men unloading dogs and supplies onto ice, WS pan across dogs and supplies strewn on ice and tilt up to mast breaking. MS of abandoned and crushed ship.

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MS B&W footage of man spinning globe from Frank Hurley film ÒPearls and SavagesÓ and high pan across Torres Strait village. Slow pan across boats and VS man being assisted into diving gear including round helmet and boots then being lowered into sea. GS men working diver's ropes. GS biplane being lowered from ship and MS Indigenous boy playing with toy biplane.

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MS B&W footage from Frank Hurley film ÒPearls and SavagesÓ with New Guinean natives in the sea around biplane as it takes off on water. Aerial shots POV plane over village, coastline and land bringing such views of New Guinea to the world for the first time. GS villagers watching native dance performed in tall bird-like costumes.

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B&W high pan over 1914 troops on horseback in bombed out village and VS Lighthorse Brigade in desert shot by Frank Hurley from film ÒPictures That MovedÓ. VS soldiers marching, soldiers in desert, in trenches and through war zone. WS busy city street scene and CU tram past camera. MS men at printing press loading paper onto pulley from the Pearson Collection, VS men working in press and horse and cart leaving loading dock laden with newspapers.

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Horse and cart arriving at tram and unloading. WS horse & cart in street MS tossing newspaper bundle to man on footpath. B&W still of director in chair watched by men gathered around him in outdoor forest setting. Other stills of man standing next to movie camera, well dressed group gathered standing around table toasting and men with nurses in hospital with invalids in beds.

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Sepia toned footage of people filing past man in comedy ÒSeven Keys to BaldpateÓ made by JC Williamson's Theatres. MS people piling into cart then tipping out and MS hillbilly man and woman hugging and flirting from Arthur Sterry's comedy ÓThe WaybacksÓ.

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B&W still of producer Beau Smith and various other stills including group shot, studio shot with set, group shot with cameraman and cast shots. CU B&W poster for ÒPrehistoric HayseedsÓ and another for ÒTownies & HayseedsÓ. Various street scenes from Smith's only surviving silent movie the comedy ÒThe Adventures of AlgyÓ. Includes people chasing hat down busy street, dwarf cyclist, Scotsman in kilt being laughed at by children and captions on screen.

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Colour posters of world map with Paramount Studio logo, poster reading ÒSecurityÓ, ÒSmash FoxÓ, CU Universal logo, poster for Selznick Pictures, colour logo for Paramount Pictures, CU United Artists (Australasia Ltd), poster for ÒMonsieur BeaucaireÓ featuring Rudolph Valentino, colour Gloria Swanson poster, B&W actress portrait and poster for ÒThe Three MusketeersÓ with Douglas Fairbanks.

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B&W footage from film ÒRomance of Margaret CatchpoleÓ with actors Raymond Longford and Lottie Lyell kissing outside barn and in another scene Lyell throwing herself between her lover and his opponent during fight. Pan along B&W still of cast and crew of ÒThe Woman SuffersÓ. Various scenes from film of man & woman fleeing storm, MS couple kissing, screen captions, dramatic scenes of woman being admonished by stepmother and husband over letter to lover.

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High angle colour pan across Sydney from Harbour Bridge and city across Eastern suburbs rail line, Finger Wharf and Woolloomooloo. CU B&W titles for ÒThe Sentimental BlokeÓ shot in 1918 in Woolloomooloo starring Lottie Lyell and Raymond Longford. Various scenes with Lyell, Longford, Gilbert Emery and Arthur Tauchert. Titles for ÒThe Two-Up SchoolÓ with footage of men playing, and ÒThe RaidÓ with police attending street fight and two-up game

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ÒThe Sentimental BlokeÓ shot in 1918 in Woolloomooloo starring Lottie Lyell and Raymond Longford. Various scenes with Lyell, Longford, Gilbert Emery and Arthur Tauchert. Titles for ÒThe Two-Up SchoolÓ with footage of men playing, and ÒThe RaidÓ with police attending street fight and two-up game. Various scenes between couple from man wooing woman with competition nearby, kissing on the beach, argument in cinema, birth of baby and cosy family scenes.

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High shot of sheep running over bridge and WS enormous flock with drovers on foot and horseback from ÒBreaking of the DroughtÓ by Franklyn Barrett. MS sheep leaping and man felling tree. WS horses running down hill and MS man with whip on horseback waving and doffing hat to woman. Woman waving back. WS scene of people dancing in living room in contrast to rural life.

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B&W MS horses pulling wagon laden with bales past camera then downhill and across river from ÒBreaking of the DroughtÓ. MS woman standing next to gate with sheep running through and VS sheep shearing with woman being shown around shed. B&W still of Franklyn Barrett with movie camera on tripod.

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B&W still close ups of EJ Carroll and Dan Carroll who together with Reg ÔSnowy' Baker to make a series featuring Baker. CU poster about Snowy Baker, B&W footage from ÒThe Enemy WithinÓ with Baker on a rowing machine. Brief shot of woman diving backwards off log into lake and another of man working out on punching bag in living room watched by Aboriginal man in suit.

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B&W footage from ÒThe Enemy WithinÓ with gunfight scene between two men in the bush firing guns at each other from behind eucalypts. B&W still of cast and crew and CU of headline from the Picture Show news sheet reading ÓEJ Carroll's IntentionsÓ and other paragraphs in article highlighted. Colour tilt to sign for Palmerston Studio and WS of the mansion used in Waverley, Sydney for ÒThe Man From KangarooÓ.

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B&W footage from ÒThe Man From KangarooÓ with a priest and two boys by a riverbank and the priest instructing them in how to fist fight. Action scenes with man on stagecoach being overpowered by another man who leaps onto coach from horse and throws him off. CU woman in stagecoach struggles with man then climbs out to the top. Couple jump into water as stagecoach goes over bridge (possibly Hampden Bridge, Kangaroo Valley NSW) and swim to shore.

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B&W footage from ÒThe Man From KangarooÓ with WS of man jumping off tin roof to waiting horse and rear view of him riding off. B&W still of Raymond Longford at the time of stepping in as head of Carroll's studio. VS from Longford's ÒOn Our SelectionÓ including man (Dave) in front of draughthorse jigging around and boy watching from fence turning then running off. Boy bursts into sitting room, screen captions relay conversation and all race out to see Dave.

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B&W still of cast of ÒRudd's New SelectionÓ with Lottie Lyell playing Nell. Other stills of cast and crew and portraits of EJ Carroll and Dan Carroll. Colour poster for ÒThe Dinkum BlokeÓ and B&W poster with photos inset from scenes in the film. CU colour logo for Hoyts theatre. B&W still of Hoyts Lyceum Theatre in 1923 and still of Hoyts manager, Frank Thring. Profile shot of Combine boss Stuart Doyle.

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B&W still of The Regent Theatre Adelaide exterior, exterior of the Geelong Theatre, Gundagai Theatre, the Star Theatre, the Wintergarden in Brisbane and the gothic Capitol in Melbourne. Interior still of empty theatre with several rows of seats and various other stills in B&W and colour of theatre interiors. Various stills of chorus girls, stage bands, orchestra pits and musicians.

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B&W titles for International Newsreel of the ÔMelbourne Cup' race with footage of people in stands, around grounds and CU of woman in hat. Titles for ÔSurf Championship at Manly, Sydney' with lifesavers marching and seated crowds watching. Titles for ÔPopular Actress Weds' with Lorna Helms marrying Squadron-Leader T Thompson in Melbourne with bridal party walking through guard of honour.

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B&W logo for Combine's Australasian Films Limited. B&W footage from ÒThe PioneersÓ with a man and woman in horsedrawn carriage through Australian bush then stand in bush looking lost. Colour pan through cemetery and across gravestones to Lottie Lyell's headstone. Zoom on still of Lyell to her face and various CUs of stills of her. MS of head stone with stone cupid in foreground.

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B&W title Ò£70,000 Production Nears CompletionÓ for Combine's first blockbuster ÒFor the Term of His Natural LifeÓ. WS studio action with crew filming. WS convicts ploughing fields, WS men on ship deck and still of women with wreathes. B&W stills of stars George Fisher, Eva Novak, Norman Dawn and still of cameramen. Various CUs of press articles reporting on the film & it's stars.

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CU sketches of costume designs for the film ÒFor the Term of His Natural LifeÓ and pan of still showing the crew and the orchestra playing on site to help create the right mood. CU of bell with 1803 inscribed on it in front of Bell Inn then tilt to action on set with VS scenes being filmed in studio. Scenes of prisoners behind bars staging escape. Man in cave starting fire.

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Various scenes from the film ÒFor the Term of His Natural LifeÓ including officers looking out window and convicts marching by Port Arthur Gaol buildings, building interior and WS ship on stormy seas. Scenes of colonial woman running through ship as water pours in and running into convict Mr Dawes. WS Dawes and woman adrift at sea on raft. LS to island in distance and man and woman kissing on raft.

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B&W CU Louise Lovely in wedding regalia and MS looking mournfully into mirror from film ÒJewelled NightsÓ. MS men at bar. High WS of horse & carriage through cleared bushland and overlay of still of Charles Chauvel, producer & director of his first feature ÒThe Moth of MoonbiÓ. GS woman arriving at bush shack, shakes driver's hand and enters shack. Woman scans room and on seeing framed photograph of man on wall reacts and falls to her knees.

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B&W footage of group at beach with woman in harlequin costume and black ballet slippers dancing on rock. CU stills of each MacDonagh sister Paulette, Phyllis and Isobel on screen fading out to woman dancing on rock with others getting up to join her, dancing the Charleston from film ÒThose Who LoveÓ.

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B&W footage of couples dancing at masquerade ball from ÒThe Far ParadiseÓ. WS masked woman standing by banister in grand building joined by costumed man. Both unmask and react shocked and saddened at revealing true identities. 1927 footage of Dame Nellie Melba singing God Save the Queen at the opening of Canberra's Parliament House. Pan of crowd and seated audience. High shots over parade and tilt to planes flying overhead. WS pan across Parliament House exterior.

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B&W WS from comedy ÒThe Kid StakesÓ of boy running through gap in fence, past another boy grooming tethered goat being followed by man and policeman through same gap. Small boy kicks and pushes at the men following them through fence. GS men berating boy with goat when the parents appear, dialogue titles appear and parents pay off complaining man who shakes hands with everyone before falling over boy and leaving with note reading ÒChampeen GoteÓ pinned to his trousers.

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B&W WS with family running up to biplane in field and man helping to load plane. Tilt to plane doing loop-the-loop and children on ground looking worried. Animal falls from plane. GS goat landing in pond with splash. B&W titles on screen. WS men at ÒPress TableÓ cheering on race and VS boy, Fatty Finn racing in billycart attached to his goat Hector. WS children cheering him on. GS rest of the field showing race and Hector winning.

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B&W circular framed montage of portraits of Australian actors seen in the episode.

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FILM AUSTRALIA COLLECTION

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