The Forgotten Force

MCU Australian army hat on top of other uniform parts, MCU hands doing up strap of army boot, right foot stamps down to attention. Interview Colin East about having an attitude to them (Japanese) as almost sub-human, quick CU hands doing up army belt buckle. Interview Phyllis Passmore about hate of the Japanese. CU hand straightening shoulder epaulette held down by ÒAustraliaÓ badge. Interview Sydney Margetts about the saying 'a good "Jap" is a dead one'. CU bayonet held tightly under soldier's arm. Interview Colin East about defeating Japanese and then stamping around on his soil, enjoying the fruits of victory.

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MS Australian soldiers lined up, sergeant calls order to 'left march' and troops march to camera, WS marching military band past camera followed by marching battalion, rear view crowd of Japanese people watching Australian military parade, MS group of sad looking Japanese men, some in uniform, MS group of dejected looking Japanese civilian men and soldiers, WS military parade with Australian soldiers holding bayonets in F/G, WS battalion marching L-R away from camera. Dissolve.

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WS gravel parade ground with Japanese building in F/G. Opening title.

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Still b&w photograph portrait Phyllis Passmore in army nurse uniform. Dissolve.

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Interview ex WWII Australian Army nurse Phyllis Passmore (super) talking about distrust of the Japanese during the war.

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Archival footage Australian prisoners of war, group of malnourished and shirtless POWs gathering for food, possibly on release from Changi POW camp, emaciated men sitting in darkened hut, MCU man with hollow eyes smiling and looking to camera, MS very thin legs walking unsteadily over ground.

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Still b&w portrait photograph of Sydney Margetts as young Australian infantryman in slouch hat. Dissolve.

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Interview retired Australian serviceman Sydney Margetts (super) talking about poor condition of ex-POWs and describing their return to Royal Park as being like a funeral procession.

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Archival footage emaciated man, rescued Australian prisoner of war, being carried on stretcher across gangplank to ship, men standing by, thin POW in singlet and slouch hat limping to gangway. Archival footage Japanese surrender ceremony, possibly in Tokorina, two Japanese officers (army and navy) approach Australian officials and salute, MCU signing surrender pact, MS Australian Lt General counter signing peace treaty, signature being sealed, Japanese officer handing over his rifle.

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Archival footage Australian Prime Minister Ben Chifley and General Blamey.

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Daily Telegraph newspaper front page headline ÒCabinet Names Force for JapanÓ.

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Archival footage recruitment for occupational force, Australian military personnel working at desk outdoors, man typing, WS Australian soldiers queuing to sign up, tropical palms and tents in B/G.

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Still b&w portrait photograph of Norman ÒBlueyÓ White as young soldier. Dissolve.

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Interview ex-serviceman Norman ÒBlueyÓ White (super) talking about joining the occupation force being an opportunity to go somewhere.

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Archival footage two smiling young Australian soldiers carrying kits on back walking through enlistment camp, one with large sign around his neck ÒTokyo here we come".

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Still b&w portrait photograph of Les Semken as young soldier. Dissolve.

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Interview ex-serviceman Les Semken (super) talking about people being apprehensive on boat trip to Japan.

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Archival footage MS three Australian soldiers in slouch hats standing at ship's railing looking out to sea, life buoy ring in F/G, good overhead shot mainly shirtless men on ship's deck, MS depressed or worried looking soldier sitting with face in hands, hat covering his face.

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Archival home movie footage (poor colour) POV ship to shoreline of Japan with submarine passing, pan Australian soldiers on ship's deck all looking to camera, pan across crowded deck of ship with Japan coastline in B/G.

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Interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about the first impact of seeing Japanese naval wrecks on arrival in Japan's inland sea.

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Archival footage POV boat to wrecked ships from the Japanese navy, gun turret emerging from water, aircraft carrier on side, battle cruiser on side, ship's hull, MCU twisted decks of battleship, track past ship's propeller above blue water.

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Interview ex-serviceman Colin East (super) talking about seeing devastation for first time on arrival by ship at Kure, Japan.

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Archival footage VS devastation of industrial buildings and structures destroyed by allied bombing along Japanese foreshore, VS carnage of bombed city buildings.

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Still b&w photograph portrait John Coffman in army uniform. Dissolve.

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Interview ex-serviceman John Coffman (super) talking about going to Hiroshima (17 miles from Kure) and finding it every bit as bad as they thought it would be.

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Archival footage high angle shot of bombed out building, tilt up to rafters, devastation and rubble, interior shot shell of industrial building

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Still sepia portrait photograph Yoko Kurokawa as young woman. Dissolve.

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Interview Yoko Kurokawa (subtitles and super) talking about the horror of the atomic explosion, her description of the sound as a roar of ocean waves, a family friend describing the burnt dead bodies.

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Pan R-L still b&w photograph burnt Japanese corpses with young girl sitting by body of woman, presumably her mother.

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Archival footage WS POV ship arriving at wharf with Allied personnel waiting.

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Archival footage MS side of ship "Stamford Victory" with Australian troops on deck, arriving as part of Allied occupation, Australian soldiers disembarking, walking down gangplank carrying kitbags.

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Archival footage rear view Australian soldiers with backpacks walking down street past officers, having arrived for Allied occupation of Japan.

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Interview ex-serviceman Infantry company commander Colin East talking about arriving in Kure as part of the Allied occupation of Japan, silence from impassive Japanese people lining streets.

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Archival footage MS group of Japanese men and boys with young girl, expressionless faces, MCU Japanese man in uniform, behind him is a solemn looking woman and other officers.

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Archival footage pan L-R MCU Japanese men and woman with solemn and serious faces, during arrival of Allied occupational forces.

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Interview Isamu Aoki (super and subtitles) talking about the Japanese women and girls disguising themselves as men and hiding from the occupational forces, the Prefectural Authorities issuing an order not to interact with occupying soldiers. Dissolve.

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Still b&w photograph MS Japanese soldier, possibly Isamu Aoki, wearing helmet and glasses, hut in B/G.

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Still b&w photograph Max Purcell as young Australian soldier leaning on grill of army truck. Dissolve.

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Interview ex-serviceman Max Purcell talking about the Allied occupying forces not getting off the footpath for the Japanese people who would complain yet bow to them.

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Archival footage ship docked in Japanese port, MS Australian Army nurses disembarking, walking past camera, on arrival as part of Allied occupation of Japan.

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Archival footage military inspection, officers (one possibly Lieutenant General J. Northcott) past British soldiers standing to attention, MWS Australian troops on parade doing bayonet drill.

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Interview ex-serviceman Col. Colin East talking about being sent to Japanese city of Onomichi during Allied occupation of Japan.

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Still b&w photograph American military officer pinning medal to Australian Infantry Company Commander Colin East.

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Interview ex-serviceman Col. Colin East talking about being in charge of 80.000 Japanese people in city of Omonichi, operating through the Lord Mayor and Chief of Police.

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Still b&w photograph MWS Australian soldiers led by Col. Colin East marching through street of Omonichi during Allied occupation of Japan.

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Archival footage VS Australian soldiers working on demilitarisation during Allied occupation of Japan, near tunnels of stored weapons, old submarine, inspecting tank, overseeing Japanese people moving weapons stores on small railway carts, walking on large ship guns lying on ground, VS overseeing missiles being dumped into sea. Interview ex-serviceman Les Semken saying there were only 22 men in his bomb disposal unit.

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Archival footage Australian military police confiscating black market goods from Japanese people in street, MS MP with Japanese man in moving boat past coast, man pointing something out, rear view two MPs as boat approaches oriental junk style wooden boat, MWS junk with man moving on side deck.

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Archival footage army duck landing with Japanese soldiers on board, British army officers watch as Japanese soldiers walk ashore while saluting, WS row of men in white coats standing on bench as they spray Japanese soldiers, British soldier in F/G, MS Japanese soldiers being fumigated. Interview ex-serviceman John Coffman talking about 750,000 returned Japanese soldiers. Archival footage Japanese soldiers turning in their military badges, badges being burned. Interview John Coffman on horror for Japanese soldiers on returning to Hiroshima.

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Archival footage Japanese ex-soldier with wrist in sling standing with bullock and cart amidst destroyed Hiroshima buildings, pan from woman hurrying past camera with arm in loose white bandage, pan to lost man looking at camera, solitary man looking through ruins and rubble.

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Interview ex-serviceman John Coffman talking about seeing hardened Japanese soldiers fall down and cry, fall apart at the devastation of Hiroshima.

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Archival footage POV rear side of steam train as it moves around bend in cutting, passing another train coming towards camera

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Archival footage POV from side of moving train as it passes twisted wreckage and devastation of Hiroshima, frames of gutted buildings, telegraph poles.

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Interview ex-serviceman Les Semken talking about the need to see Hiroshima having been in the world news and cause for end of war.

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Archival footage devastation of Hiroshima, tilt up from field of bricks and rubble to ruined buildings, MWS shells of two buildings with rubble in F/G, MS remains of church and belltower with fallen dead tree in F/G, MWS man pulling cart along track through ruins passing woman in kimono, pan L-R flattened cityscape with people sifting through rubble, Japanese soldier bending down to pick up paper, children walking and searching over rubble, remains of two buildings against blue sky with solitary woman with bandaged face walking in F/G, concrete roadway with horse pulling cart pasted ruined buildings in B/G.

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Archival footage devastation of Hiroshima, MWS rear view hunched over old lady hobbling down pathway, WS river embankment and gutted buildings, dead tree and columns standing amidst rubble, standing end walls of large building with mountain in B/G and rubble in F/G, burnt out car wreckage, good WS traditional Japanese woman leading two children L-R along path past ruined buildings, bent traffic signal pole with tram passing R-L and man on bicycle L-R, WS man cycling across damaged bridge. Text.

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Still b&w photograph Japanese woman Tomiko Andrew, slow zoom out from CU eyes to reveal forlorn face looking to camera. Text. Dissolve.

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Interview survivor of Hiroshima bombing, Japanese woman Tomiko Andrew (super and subtitles) talking about crawling out from destroyed house after Hiroshima bombing.

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Still b&w photographs aftermath atomic bombing of Hiroshima - # 1 Japanese soldier checking badly injured people after bomb blast in Hiroshima; # 2 MWS people gathered by building in aftermath of explosion, pan detail of photo; # 3 dead bodies, zoom to CU deformed body.

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Interview survivor of Hiroshima bombing, Japanese woman Tomiko Andrew talking about her father dying from wounds.

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Archival footage Japanese woman and boy near tree picking through rubble after bombing of Hiroshima, silhouette horse and cart along road through desolate, eerie landscape with bent telegraph poles, a few people walking and cycling in B/G.

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Interview ex Military Intelligence Officer John Coffman talking about shocking discovery of bodies in underground tunnels beneath Hiroshima after bombing, removal of bodies from tunnels by BCOF.

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Archival footage sign ÒFor Hiroshima StationÓ.

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Still b&w portrait photograph Army investigator Keith Boothroyd in Australian Army uniform. Dissolve.

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Interview ex-serviceman Keith Boothroyd (super) talking about sitting on train with tough soldier named Slim who commented "the poor bastards".

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Archival footage LS train passing through devastation and ruins of Hiroshima, tilt up damaged remains of building with bell tower, clock hanging with time reading quarter past eight, view through damaged windows of stairwell, MS apartment building with twisted window frames, MS stiff torso of bomb victim, MCU young man lying on side, WS hospital building with rubble in F/G, MS view through hospital window where people are working, badly injured leg being treated, doctor's hands examining male bomb victim with head injuries and melted ears, VS burn victims being treated.

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Archival footage CU profile of Japanese boy with scarred face from Hiroshima bombing, MS topless Japanese woman with burn scars standing with baby in harness on her back, MCU baby's scarred leg with bandaged ankle, CU boy with badly scarred face turning to look at camera. Dissolve.

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Archival footage Australian military band on parade as part of BCOF, lead drummer (drum major) swinging beaters and marching towards and past camera, MS marching band with trumpeters and drummers past camera followed by marching soldiers, MS Japanese onlookers, MS woman in traditional dress with teenager girl and younger boy, MWS small battalion of Australian soldiers marching, man in white gown, presumably a doctor, being handed document.

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Archival footage low angle front of building with flags and sign ÒAllied Council for JapanÓ.

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MS Australian government official in dark suit, MWS meeting of Allied Council for Japan with Australian representative at microphone, General Douglas Macarthur leaving Allied Council building accompanied by officer and followed by two MP officers, Macathur salutes, MWS Japanese lady taking book from shelf in library,MCU lady opening page to reveal picture of Albert Einstein, CU pan down books, VS Japanese children clapping and singing song, high angle shot two young children, girl clapping, MS children, pan L-R classroom, MWS teacher at blackboard pointing out English word "Democracy", MCU boy (super), pan L-R teacher amidst pupils in classroom (super).

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Interview Japanese historian Professor Eiji Takemae (subtitles and super) talking about the acceptance of democracy by the Japanese people.

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Archival footage (subtitles) busy Japanese street, man on bicycle past camera, large cutout faces of Laurel and Hardy characters above buildings, Japanese street performer dressed as Charlie Chaplin, people passing by, pan down to his large shoes.

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Interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about General Douglas Macarthur introducing Western democracy to Japan from his position of power, the Japanese people having to outwardly accept it.

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Archival footage military parade led by Japanese Emperor Hirohito in military uniform riding white horse and saluting as he passes stationary officer on horseback, rear view WS row of Japanese schoolgirls waving flags in air outside Imperial Palace, MS girls shouting out as they raise arms in air with flags.

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Archival footage high angle shot Japanese royal motorcade, pan enthusiastic crowd waving in air, WS (shaky camerawork) crowd pushing and surging, man holding back crowd, POV vehicle inching through dense crowd, police trying to control people, WS official royal party walking through factory grounds, MS Emperor Hirohito tipping trilby hat to bowing crowd, VS Emperor Hirohito and entourage walking along street past crowds, Hirohito tipping hat to people.

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Interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about Emperor Hirohito being lauded by his people in 1947, questioning their devotion to democracy.

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Archival Japanese Emperor Hirohito and entourage walking through massive crowd raising his trilby hat in air, rear view MS Hirohito on podium tipping hat to cheering crowd who wave their hats in air.

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Archival footage bedraggled looking Japanese woman lying on ground with baby, sick young girl lying on concrete ground, woman bent over in submission or prayer with young boy standing by her, high angle MWS massive Japanese crowd mostly in white shirts milling around, shot looking down at feet walking, man walking.

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Archival footage Japanese construction working party unwinding large steel cable, assisted by Allied Occupation soldier, British soldier overseeing trench digging, signalling with his arms.

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Still b&w photographs from employment office in Kure,1948 - linguist interviewing a prospective Japanese woman employee at employment bureau, woman standing by desk as clerk sits and writes at desk. Two male Japanese employees at work in office, sign on desk for "Mr MB Kondo, interpreter / typist". Japanese men queuing in line at employment bureau.

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Still b&w photograph detail three handsome young Japanese men in group. Dissolve.

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Interview Japanese man and former waiter, Yasunori Sao (super and subtitles) talking about working as a waiter in the British officers' mess because he could get better food there after the war.

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Still b&w portrait photograph CU Japanese woman Tomoe Shimizu. Dissolve.

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Interview Japanese woman and former house girl, Tomoe Shimizu (super and subtitles) talking about working as a maid for almost two years, never having done that sort of work before.

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Photograph MS two Japanese girls, one darning, sewing with thread and needle, mending BCOF army jacket.

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Detail photograph three American sailors smiling, hats tipped back on heads, full photograph sailors smiling at Japanese couple in traditional dress, Japanese man is holding a knife.

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CU photograph Japanese lady smiling with three Australian soldiers.

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Photograph two Australian soldiers sitting on low cart harnessed to old horse, building and Japanese people in B/G, Japanese man in army cap in F/G.

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Photograph Japanese men and American sailors unloading wooden crates.

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Photograph three Australian BCOF personnel, one soldier and two sailors, leaning out train window and sharing joke with Japanese man in military cap standing at window.

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Interview ex-serviceman (Infantry Company Commander) Colin East talking about an initial desire by the BCOF to make the Japanese feel as though they were being punished, not to fraternise with them.

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Interview ex-serviceman (transport driver) Norman "Bluey" White talking about despite the intent by the BCOF not to fraternise with the Japanese, it was impossible to live and work everyday life without doing so.

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Archival footage WS tall Australia soldier and Japanese man walking across beach strewn with rubbish, dunes in B/G, Japanese man picks up piece of rubbish momentarily.

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Interview ex-serviceman Les Semken (bomb disposal) talking about owing his life to Joe, a Japanese technician

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Archival footage bomb fuse on ground being lit by Australian soldier.

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Interview ex-serviceman Les Semken (bomb disposal) talking about spraining ankle having just detonated bomb fuse and his life being saved by Japanese man, Joe.

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Archival footage explosion on beach, flashing white explosion filling screen, possibly ordnance clearance.

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Interview ex-serviceman Les Semken (bomb disposal) talking about his friendship with Japanese man, Joe.

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Detail group photograph of Japanese woman with three girls, woman with bandaged hand.

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Interview ex-serviceman Keith Boothroyd (BCOF Investigator - Interpreter) talking about feeling he was doing more for the democratic cause by getting to know the Japanese people.

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Portrait photograph Harold Andrew in military police uniform.

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Interview ex-serviceman Harold Andrew (super) talking about some BCOF military police keeping to the rules of ensuring no fraternisation with the Japanese, causing some very fine careers to go down the drain. Interview ex-serviceman (Infantry Company Commander) Colin East talking about it being impossible to demonstrate the democratic way of life when forbidden to mix with the Japanese people.

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Archival footage BCOF allied soldiers dancing with Japanese girls, VS dancing couples.

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Interview Japanese woman Yoko Kurokawa (subtitles) talking about going on a boating trip with some soldiers and being taught to sing a song in English, Yoko singing lines from song "a rose must remain with the sun and the rain...".

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Photograph smiling Australian soldier standing by monument with three Japanese girls, one is Yoko Kurokawa, snow-covered house and trees in B/G.

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Photograph Australian soldier crouching down next to small Japanese child, Japanese women and children in B/G.

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Photograph MS man dressed as Father Christmas standing with two smiling Japanese women.

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Photograph Australian women soldiers with Japanese women standing in row posing for photo.

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Photograph young Japanese woman and girl standing in snow, rocky wall in B/G.

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Photograph group of happy young Japanese men drinking and smoking, one Australian man in group.

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Archival footage MS young Japanese woman holding baby up for camera, smiling and making baby's hand wave.

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Archival footage Japanese children, pan to two young girls flirting with camera, American soldier walking in park with two Japanese women, topless man rowing boat, MS Japanese woman rowing, two men and Japanese woman on river bank, men wave to camera.

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Archival footage LS soldier and girl fooling around beneath trees, having a good time together.

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Interview historian Caroline Palmer (super) talking about BCOF relationships with Japanese being driven underground.

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Still colour photograph exterior Japanese brothel with bicycles outside.

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Interview historian Caroline Palmer talking about interaction between BCOF and the Japanese people being on an economic basis rather than a social basis.

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Still photograph of sign ÒIn Bound. Welcome to Miss Kure. For your drinking and dancing pleasure. Meals are also served here. Wonderful girls wait upon you. Opened at 10 A.M. Thank you. Miss KureÒ.

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Interview ex military policeman Harold Andrew talking about prostitution being prolific in Kure. Interview Japanese woman Meiko Yamada (super and subtitles) talking about "comfort women" for the BCOF being part of a national policy of prostitution that was employed for the Japanese troops during WWII.

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Archival colour footage (subtitles) occupational forces in Japan, American sailors, topless girls, one washing the back of the other, sailors and troops peering over fence, American sailors standing around, two Japanese girls run off over rubble to shack.

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Interview Japanese woman author Meiko Yamada (subtitles) talking about the Japanese government having a policy of prostitution in order to protect women of good families. Interview Japanese man Isamu Adoki talking about prostitution being a way to prevent the spread of VD.

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Archival colour footage Western man in suit walking between two Japanese girls, his arm around each.

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Various Australian newspaper clippings ÒInquiry on B.C.O.F - Minister Calls For Report", "V.D. Rate High", "Danger to B.C.O.F. - Jap Depravity".

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Still b&w portrait photograph Dr Roger Dunlop in army medical officer uniform. Dissolve.

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Interview ex-serviceman and medical officer Dr Roger Dunlop (super) talking about setting up a brothel outside Kitachi.

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Archival colour footage two Japanese women in traditional dress, child standing by and two other people in B/G.

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Interview ex-serviceman and medical officer Dr Roger Dunlop talking about a brothel burnt down on Christmas Eve being a serious blow.

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Australian newspaper clippings ÒMorality of Occupation Force Attacked, ÒTroops in Japan Set New Cabinet Problem".

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Archival footage Prime Minister Ben Chifley on official visit to Japan, VS meeting with BCOF officers Australian soldiers, VS inspecting Australian troops.

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Interview ex-serviceman and medical officer Dr Roger Dunlop talking about buying a hotel to set up a venereal disease clinic. CU title of report for establishment of prefectural Kure Hospital. Interview Dr Roger Dunlop about instituting a contact questionnaire. CU pan wording from document on details of intercourse activity, CU pans typed words including prostitutes, geishas, waitresses, dancers. Dissolve.

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Pan R-L detail still photograph Japanese working girls.

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Interview ex-serviceman and medical officer Dr Roger Dunlop talking about the BCOF having many rights over the Japanese people, hard to believe a military government could be so harsh and repressive although necessary. Interview historian Caroline Palmer talking about thinking the sense of conquering a nation is mirrored in the conquering of the Japanese women by Australian servicemen.

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Archival colour footage VS two Japanese women joking around for camera with Australian soldier, soldier hugging and kissing them.

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Interview Japanese woman Tomeo Shimizu (subtitles) talking about punching a soldier when he told her all Japanese girls were street girls.

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Archival colour footage (subtitles) Japanese girls joking around in doorway with screen door held open.

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Interview Japanese woman Tomeo Shimizu (subtitles) talking about punching a soldier when he said all Japanese women were street girls.

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Archival colour footage young smiling Japanese women walking towards camera outside rooms.

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Still b&w portrait photograph Japanese women Tomiko Andrew wearing headscarf.

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Interview ex military policeman Harold Andrew talking about meeting a nice young Japanese lady. Interview Tomiko Andrew (subtitles) talking about going out with Harold and sometimes having to break a promise to see a film with him as she had to work late at the bank. Interview Harold about Tomiko being reported at the bank for going out with a BCOF soldier. Interview Tomiko (subtitles) about the bank manager receiving anonymous letters about one of his employees playing around with soldiers at night.

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Still photograph Tomiko Andrew's Japanese family (subtitles).

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Interview Tomiko Andrew (subtitles) talking about everyone treating her with hostility because she was seeing a BCOF soldier. Interview ex military policeman Harold Andrew talking about everything being against the both of them, made worse because he was a military policeman.

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Still photograph Harold Andrew as military policeman on motor cycle, wearing helmet.

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Archival footage (1949) tree planting ceremony, Australian Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant General H C H Robertson planting eucalyptus tree seedling on behalf of the BCOF, Japanese mayor and council officials look on, audience and BCOF officials in B/G.

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Archival footage British troops in berets hang out from train windows and waving to camera as the steam train moves off from platform.

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Archival footage MS rear view New Zealand soldiers carrying backpacks as they cross bridge, MS troops (possibly British) carrying large kits boarding ship, MS Australian soldier in slouch hat standing guard in front of steel bar fence, MWS soldier standing to attention in front of gate of official building.

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Archival colour footage MS Australian military band marching L-R on parade with Japanese crowd watching in B/G, MS troops marching with split screen interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about BCOF becoming more of a ceremonial organisation after the other allies left Japan.

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Archival footage MS Australian troops marching on parade with Japanese crowd watching, split screen interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about Australian BCOF showing of the flag to the Japanese people.

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Archival footage MS Australian troops marching on parade, split screen interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about Australian BCOF giving parades.

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Archival footage MS Australian troops marching on parade, split screen interview ex-serviceman Colin East talking about Australian BCOF giving parades in Tokyo.

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Archival footage WS official building, MS General Douglas Macarthur and another officer leaving building, Macarthur salutes American soldier as he enters awaiting car, rear view car pulling away, CU legs walking, CU linked arms, MS Japanese men and women demonstrators walking in row with arms linked, MS Japanese crowd of protesters to camera, WS protest march with flags and banners.

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Archival footage high angle shot Japanese male protesters waving flags.

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Archival colour footage low angle CU male protester in hat waving red flag, MS demonstrators jogging along, Japanese men and women moving to camera, (subtitles) high angle WS line of demonstrators snaking around square, high angle wintry street lined by protesters slowly moving along with lorries passing on road, high angle WS massive crowd with red and white flags, high angle WS mass protest in park.

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Interview Japanese man TBA (subtitles) talking about the Americans realising that the communists were not a democratic force.

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Archival footage (subtitles) menacing Japanese crowd demonstrating with flags and banners, building in B/G, protesters rallying in street, MS protesters, MS police scuffling with demonstrators.

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Archival footage high angle WS industrial buildings with chimneys, exterior factory MWS partly built cars driven down ramp, interior motor vehicle factory, MCU men working on car, CU Japanese worker installing steering wheel.

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Interview ex military intelligence officer John Coffman talking about knowing Japanese ex-naval officers from Kure who were asked to return to self defence department.

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Archival Movietone newsreel footage, title ÒJapan Re-Arms for DemocracyÓ, Japanese soldier turns plane's propellor, VS army tanks hauling artillery guns, VS soldiers with artillery guns, tank gun turret turning, officer giving order and signalling to fire, tank driving through ditch.

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Interview historian Dr James Wood (super) talking about because of the Cold War, the BCOF in Japan had shifted from being an occupying power to a protective power.

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Still photograph Australian infantryman Syd Margetts standing with Japanese workmen.

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Interview ex-infantry serviceman Sydney Margetts talking about asking a Japanese man if they'd ever start another war and the man saying the wheel keeps turning and one day they'll be back at the top again.

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Archival footage WS ship in port with crane, mountains in B/G, MWS Australian troops with kitbags boarding ship, Australian soldiers walking in line across bridge towards camera, good MS group of diggers looking relaxed on board ship, MS Australian officer feeling sharpness of Japanese sword held by soldier.

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Archival footage MS Australian soldier pulling insignia off door of guard's shelter, track two infantryman walking to waiting jeep.

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Daily Telegraph newspaper headline ÒRed Korea at War with SouthÓ.

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Archival footage Australian soldiers collecting hard hats and uniforms, soldier removing slouch hat and trying on helmet.

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Interview ex military policeman Harold Andrew talking about being desperate to get to Korea, wanting to go to war again.

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Archival footage quick pan from soldier firing bazooka to explosion in field.

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Interview Japanese woman Tomika Andrew (subtitles) talking about registering her marriage to Australian BCOF military policeman, Harold Andrew.

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Still portrait photograph Harold and Tomika Andrew, Harold in army uniform.

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Interview ex military policeman Harold Andrew talking about processes for BCOF to marry Japanese nationals.

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Still photograph Harold and Tomika Andrew at their wedding ceremony. Photo MS Harold and Tomiko as bride and groom cutting cake. Photo Andrew's wedding party with minister.

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Interview ex military policeman Harold Andrew talking about Australian government having to approve marriages between Australian soldiers and Japanese. Interview Tomoko Andrew (subtitles) talking about

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Archival footage arrival of Australian troops with Japanese brides, pan MS ship ÒNew AustraliaÓ carrying troops, low angle MS smiling Australian soldiers on deck leaning over railing, MS soldiers with Japanese children at ship's railing, soldier and Japanese wife looking through ship's life ring, Japanese wife with binoculars in front of waving Australian flag on pole, MS two Japanese women on deck, one holding baby, Australian soldier takes his child from Japanese wife, MS two young Japanese women smiling, group of women and young boy.

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Footage of Harold and Tomiko Andrew seated at round kitchen table with plates of food spread out (super), Tomiko points out a dish to Harold, CU fork taking meat from dish, Harold saying he wouldn't like to go to Japan and try to talk their language, MS Tomiko signalling to Harold he has food on his lip, CU Harold wiping lip.

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Footage of expatriate Charles Nation walking down road in village with traditional Japanese buildings (super), WS Charles along town street, cyclist going past (subtitles), MS Japanese woman shopkeeper and Charles buying goods from outdoor shop (subtitles), WS Charles looking at fruit display and checking fruit, pan walking past stalls, rear view walking up alley,

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Still portrait photograph Charles Nation in army uniform with young Japanese wife, Yoshie Kawasaki, both smiling.

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Interview ex-serviceman and orderly room clerk Charles Nation (super) talking about having a Shinto wedding when he marred a Japanese woman in 1948.

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Still portrait photograph Charles Nation in uniform with Japanese wife Yoshie Kawasaki and baby.

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Interview ex-serviceman and orderly room clerk Charles Nation talking about delaying writing home to Australia to tell them he was married to a Japanese and had a child.

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Still photograph Charles Nation's son as a toddler squatting next to pots.

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Interview ex-serviceman and orderly room clerk Charles Nation talking about his mother going into hysterics when she found out he was married to a foreigner.

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Still portrait photograph of Yoshie Kawasaki, Japanese wife of Charles Nation, pan up from handbag to her wearing a quirky hat.

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Footage residential houses, MS expatriate Charles Nation walking around the back of his house. Interview Charles talking about recognising the hardship which would have been imposed on his Japanese wife had they lived in Australia. Footage of Charles sitting at dining table having breakfast, tin of Milo on table, WS Charles eating at table in kitchen, bowing his head in prayer when finished (super).

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Archival footage WS crowd of people entering building, interior conference for signing of peace treaty with Japan, 1951, WS front podium of conference, MCU signing treaty, overhead WS conference audience applauding, WS podium, MS delegates shaking hands, high angle WS desolate landscape and temporary housing on outskirts of Hiroshima, mountains in B/G.

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Archival footage rebuilding of Hiroshima, streetscene with scaffolding on buildings, WS horses and carts along street with rubble in F/G, high angle WS houses and truck along river bank, MWS damaged buildings with of dome shell of the Hall of Industry, two small children walking past, one pushing pram.

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Archival footage tilt up damaged Hall of Industry building and shell of dome.

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Footage of Hiroshima city, MCU shell of dome of Hall of Industry building silhouetted against sky, WS damaged Hall of Industry building and dome with flock of birds flying past in late afternoon light, MCU memorial arch with buildings in B/G, bunches of flowers including white lilies in F/G and man in suit walking into frame, older Japanese couple praying and bowing heads, rear view two schoolgirls looking at carving on memorial wall, MS statue of couple with baby, high angle WS Hiroshima city buildings with river and tree foliage in F/G, WS Hall of Industry building with memorial eternal flame in F/G. Dissolve.

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Footage WS Australian War Memorial (super), MS young Japanese woman walks away to reveal Japanese man taking photograph, WS man taking photograph of Japanese group of sightseers standing in front of war memorial, good MWS interior courtyard of war memorial with dome against blue sky, three people walking alongside pond, pan two older men and one woman, ex BCOF servicepeople, walking in courtyard and up steps at Australian War Memorial.

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Interview ex-serviceman (bomb disposal) Les Semken talking about returning to Australia and getting a discharge, there never being any recognition of the BCOF which was a very successful Australian operation. Footage rear view of three ex BCOF servicepeople at the Australian War Memorial walking past Roll of Honour memorial wall, WS track through archways as they walk along, track past name plaques with lists of names punctuated with red poppies, interior three veterans looking at display of war relics in glass case, CU broken glass bottles.

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Interview ex-serviceman Norman "Bluey" White talking about only 7 people left from his BCOF unit of 27, mentioning names of people who had died of massive cancers, Phyllis Passmore reading names of BCOF nurses who had died of cancer. Dissolve.

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Still photograph group of Australian women, pan R-L smiling faces.

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Public law document "Radiation-Exposed Veterans Compensation Act of 1988", pan down list of cancer types.

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Still photograph damaged Hall of Industry building with shell of dome, Australian soldiers climbing on carnage and rubble in F/G.

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Interview ex-serviceman Sydney Margetts talking about wanting the government to do a survey on the causes of deaths of BCOF personnel. Interview historian Dr James Wood talking about people from the occupation forces not being given the normal entitlements being immoral and unjust. Interview ex-serviceman Max Purcell, wearing BCOF t-shirt, talking about call for joining the occupying forces and promises of being treated the same as AIF.

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Newspaper clipping ÒJoin the A.I.F.Ó Detail of advertisement offering same benefits as AIF.

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Interview ex-serviceman Max Purcell, wearing BCOF t-shirt, talking about the occupying forces being the only soldiers "not retuned" as they're not recognised in the same way as the AIF.

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Footage of Anzac Day march, VS B.C.O.F. marching with banner "Forgotten Force", VS men and women BCOF members marching, CU faces, crowd watching.

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Interview Japanese woman Yomoe Shimizu (subtitles) talking about returned Japanese soldiers being given a government pension and that she is saddened to know that the Australians are not treated so well.

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Still photograph group of young Japanese men and women, pan up to show Allied soldier in group.

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Still photograph Australian soldier showing large oriental vase to laughing bespectacled Japanese soldier who is pointing at detail on pattern of vase.

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Slow pull back from still photograph of Japanese girl with baby strapped to her back, standing amidst rubble.

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Still photograph Australian soldier standing with group of Japanese children, one holding puppies.

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Still photograph Japanese man wearing glasses at desk, flowers in F/G.

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Still photograph group of five Japanese women posing for photo in front of wooden building.

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Still photograph MS smiling Japanese woman with hand resting on sign post for BCOF Orderly.

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Still photograph Australian soldier standing with arms around two Japanese women wearing kimonos, tree trunk in B/G.

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Still photograph two young Japanese children in snow, boy with arm around girl, smiling and laughing.

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Still photograph group of Australian soldiers and several Japanese men in pub, some holding beer glasses, smiling for camera.

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Interview ex-serviceman John Coffman talking about so much being made of heroic endeavours such as Gallipoli and Kokoda, perhaps overshadowing the hard work of the occupational forces. Fade to black. End titles.

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FILM AUSTRALIA COLLECTION

Title Details

Forgotten Force, The

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FILM AUSTRALIA COLLECTION

Footage and Stills Search

Title Details

Forgotten Force, The

ABOUT FAC

QUICK LINKS